v. 负责掌管或处理 preside over, manage; 主张,维持 advocate, maintain

adj. 不待外力推动而行动（跟“被动”相对） initiative (as opposed to "被动 passive"); 能够造成有利局面，使事情按照自己的意图进行 take the initiative, do something of one’s own accord

能长出新植物的物质

clutch, cop, grab, press-gang, scrape, arrest, hent, catch, pay special attention to, be responsible for, scratch up, take charge of, paw, grasp, scratch, claw, nab, clapperclaw, glom, seize, capture, snatch, prehend, stress

the Chinese nation, Ch. people

v. 用人工使原材料成为可供使用的物品 make, manufacture, produce; 人为地造成某种气氛或局面等（含贬义） stir up, concoct