介词（引出凭借、依据)：作为

表示意志上或情理上的需要，或者估计、推测某事必然发生。多用于口语。It means "have to", indicating a need in the sense of will or reason or a speculation that something is sure to happen. It is usually used in spoken Chinese.

趋向补语3：表示结果意义（引申用法）（1)：动词 + 上

表示超出一般程度。It indicates an extraordinary degree.

被动句2：主语 + 被 + 动词 + 其他成分

(1）泛指说话人和听话人以外的人，大致等于“别人”It refers to people other than the interlocutors in general, similar to "other people"（2）指上文提到的人，大致等于“他、她”或"他们"It refers to the person or people mentioned previously, similar to "he/she" or "they"（3）也可指说话人自己，等于 “我”，有亲昵或俏皮的语气，多用于年轻女性。It can also refer to the speaker himself/herself, equivalent to "I" expressed in an intimate or witty tone. It is usually used by young women.

固定格式：在……下

语气副词（4)：竟然

频率、重复副词（2)：再三

固定格式：一 + 量词 + 比 + 一 + 量词