疑问代词（6）：哪些
HSK 1Interrogative Pronoun (6): Which
基本语义及用法
用在疑问向中，用来对众多人或事物进行提问。
It indicates a question that requires to choose a few people or things from a number of options.
典型例句和对话
| 例句 (Lìjù - Example Sentences) | 交际实践 (Jiāojì shíjiàn - Practical Communication) |
| ① 你们班有哪些国家的学生？ Nǐmen bān yǒu nǎxiē guójiā de xuéshēng? Which countries' students are in your class? ¿Qué estudiantes de qué países hay en tu clase? |
(在教学楼) (Zài jiàoxuélóu - In the teaching building) A：你们班有哪些国家的学生? B：有韩国的、泰国的、美国的……，太多了！ Yǒu Hánguó de, Tàiguó de, Měiguó de……, tài duō le! There are students from Korea, Thailand, the U.S., and so many more! Hay estudiantes de Corea, Tailandia, EE.UU., ¡y muchos más! |
| ② 你家里有哪些人？ Nǐ jiālǐ yǒu nǎxiē rén? Who are in your family? ¿Quiénes están en tu familia? |
(在学校) (Zài xuéxiào - At school) A：你家里有哪些人? B：爸爸、妈妈、哥哥和我。 Bàba, māma, gēge hé wǒ. Dad, mom, elder brother, and me. Papá, mamá, hermano mayor y yo. |
| ③ 你准备了哪些东西？ Nǐ zhǔnbèi le nǎxiē dōngxī? What things have you prepared? ¿Qué cosas has preparado? |
(在家) (Zài jiā - At home) 丈夫：明天去公园，你准备了哪些东西? Zhàngfū: Míngtiān qù gōngyuán, nǐ zhǔnbèi le nǎxiē dōngxī? Husband: Tomorrow we go to the park, what things have you prepared? Mañana vamos al parque, ¿qué cosas has preparado? 妻子：面包、牛奶和水果。 Qīzi: Miànbāo, niúnǎi hé shuǐguǒ. Wife: Bread, milk, and fruit. Pan, leche y frutas. |
补充例句 (Bǔchōng lìjù - Additional Example Sentences)
① 你昨天买了哪些书？
Nǐ zuótiān mǎi le nǎxiē shū?
What books did you buy yesterday?
¿Qué libros compraste ayer?
② 他周末去了哪些地方？
Tā zhōumò qù le nǎxiē dìfāng?
What places did he go to on the weekend?
¿A qué lugares fue el fin de semana?
③ 你看过哪些电影？
Nǐ kàn guò nǎxiē diànyǐng?
What movies have you watched?
¿Qué películas has visto?
④ 学校里有哪些教学楼？
Xuéxiào lǐ yǒu nǎxiē jiàoxuélóu?
What teaching buildings are there in the school?
¿Qué edificios de enseñanza hay en la escuela?
⑤ 南京有哪些大商场？
Nánjīng yǒu nǎxiē dà shāngchǎng?
What big malls are there in Nanjing?
¿Qué grandes centros comerciales hay en Nanjing?
⑥ 哪些是你的书？
Nǎxiē shì nǐ de shū?
Which are your books?
¿Cuáles son tus libros?
结构特点
疑问代词“哪些” 常用在名词前，作定语：也可以直接作主语。
①哪些+N
你准备了 哪些 东西？
哪些 书 不用看了？
②哪些+VP？
哪些 是你的书？
قواعد ذات صلة
“我们、你们、他们、她们”都是复数人称代词。“我们”指称说话者一方群体；“你们”指称听话者一方群体；“他们、她们”指称除说话者和听话者以外的其他人，这些人都是男性或有男有女时用“他们”，都是女性时用“她们”。
“我、你、您、他、她”都是单数人称代词。“我”指称说话者本人；“你、您”指称听话者，“您”是“你”的尊称，“他、她”指称除说话者和听话者以外的其他人，“他〞指称男性，“她〞指称女性。They are all singular personal pronouns. 我 means "I/me", 你 and 您 mean "you", the latter being the honorific form; 他 means "he/him" and 她 means "she/her".
用在疑问向中，用来询问地点和处所。“哪儿”更常用于口语。They are used to ask about places and locations. 哪儿 is more often used in spoken Chinese.
用在疑问句中，后面加上形容词，询问程度或数量，例如年龄、时间、高度、长 度、距离等。It is used in interrogative sentences, followed by an adjective, to ask about the degree or quantity such as age, time, height, length, distance, etc.
表示希望、打算做某事的意愿，语气比“要”委婉。It indicates the subject’s hope or plan to do something. Its tone is milder than 要.
合成方位名词，表示处于上、下、里、外、前、后、左、右、东、南、西、北的 位置或方向。These are compound nouns of locality, indicating a position or direction that points upward / downward / inward /outward / forward / backward / leftward / rightward / eastward / southward / westward / northward.
用在疑问向中，用来对事物进行提问。It is used in interrogative sentences to ask about something.
用在疑问句中，询问数量，例如人数、价格 年龄等。或者不清楚到底有多少的数量It is used in interrogative sentences to ask about the quantity, such as the number of people price, age, etc. The number is normally larger than 10 or totally unknown.
单纯方位名词，表示带有参照点的方向或相对位置。These are simple nouns of locality, indicating a direction or position relative to a reference point.
ابدأ المحادثة
كن أول من يشارك أفكاره!