范围、协同副词(1)：都①

HSK 1

基本语义及用法

Basic Meaning & Usage

总括全部，表示所指范围内没有例外。

It means that all is included, indicating there is no exception within a given scope.

典型例句和对话

Example Sentences & Conversations

（在办公室）

In the office

老师A：三班的学生认真吗？

Teacher A: Are the students in Class 3 serious / diligent?

老师B：同学们都很认真。

Teacher B: The students are all very serious / diligent.

（在出租车上）

In a taxi

司机：你们会说中文吗？

Driver: Can you speak Chinese?

学生：我们都会说中文。

Student: We can all speak Chinese.

（在家）

At home

妈妈：你什么时候有中文课？

Mother: When do you have Chinese class?

孩子：星期一和星期三都有中文课。

Child: I have Chinese class on both Monday and Wednesday.

补充例句

Additional Examples

这些书都非常新。

These books are all very new.

这些房间都没有人。

These rooms are all unoccupied.

我们都不是学生。

We are all not students.

她们都很喜欢打球。

They all really like playing ball games.

你都去哪儿玩儿了？

Where have you all gone to have fun?

他都吃了什么？

What has he eaten?

结构特点

Structural Features

“都¹”一般用在形容词性或者动词性成分前，作状语。

“都¹” generalmente se usa antes de elementos adjetivales o verbales y funciona como modificador adverbial.

（1）在陈述句中，“都¹”总括的对象如果是主语，主语一般是复数的。

In declarative sentences, if the object summarized by “都¹” is the subject, the subject is generally plural.

S复数 + 都¹ + AP

这些书都非常新。

These books are all very new.

那些菜都不好吃。

Those dishes are all not tasty.

S复数 + 都¹ + VP

这些房间都没有人。

These rooms are all unoccupied.

他们都不是学生。

They are all not students.

在特殊疑问句中，“都¹”的主语可以是单数，也可以是复数。

In special interrogative sentences, the subject of “都¹” may be singular or plural.

S + 都¹ + …… + QPr ……

你都去哪儿玩儿了？

Where did you go to have fun?

他都吃了什么？

What did he eat?

你们都做什么了？

What did you all do?

小提示

Tips

“都¹”不能放在主语前。例如：

“都¹” cannot be placed before the subject. For example:

* 都我们是学生。

我们都是学生。

We are all students.

“都¹”总括的词语一定要出现在“都”的前边。例如：

The word or phrase summarized by “都¹” must appear before “都.” For example:

* 都这些书非常新。

这些书都非常新。

These books are all very new.

“都¹”和“不、没”共现的时候，可以有两种语序：“都¹ + 不 / 没”和“不 / 没 + 都¹”。两种语序的意思不一样，“都¹ + 不 / 没”表示全部否定，“不 / 没 + 都¹”表示部分否定。例如：

When “都¹” appears together with “不 / 没,” there are two possible word orders: “都¹ + 不 / 没” and “不 / 没 + 都¹.” Their meanings are different. “都¹ + 不 / 没” expresses total negation, while “不 / 没 + 都¹” expresses partial negation.

我们都不会说中文。（我们每个人都不会说中文）

None of us can speak Chinese. / Every one of us cannot speak Chinese.

我们不都会说中文。（我们有的人会说中文，有的人不会说中文）

Not all of us can speak Chinese. / Some of us can speak Chinese, and some cannot.

他们都没去图书馆。（他们每个人都没去图书馆）

None of them went to the library.

他们没都去图书馆。（他们有的人去了图书馆，有的没去图书馆）

Not all of them went to the library. / Some went, and some did not.