时间副词（2）：先

HSK 1

基本语义及用法

Basic Meaning & Usage

表示某事或某个动作行为发生在前。

It indicates that something or an action happens first.

典型例句和对话

Example Sentences & Conversations

Kètáng shàng

（课堂上）

(In class)

Lǎoshī: Shéi xiān shuō?

老师：谁先说？

Teacher: Who will speak first?

Xuésheng: Lǎoshī, wǒ xiān shuō ba.

学生：老师，我先说吧。

Student: Teacher, let me speak first.

Māma gěi érzi dǎ diànhuà

（妈妈给儿子打电话）

(A mother calls her son)

Māma: Wǎnfàn zhǔnbèi hǎo le, nǐ shénme shíhou huílai?

妈妈：晚饭准备好了，你什么时候回来？

Mother: Dinner is ready. When will you be back?

Érzi: Nǐmen xiān chī ba, bú yòng děng wǒ.

儿子：你们先吃吧，不用等我。

Son: You eat first, there is no need to wait for me.

Zài jiàoxué lóu

（在教学楼）

(In the teaching building)

A: Wǒmen yìqǐ qù túshūguǎn ba.

A：我们一起去图书馆吧。

A: Let’s go to the library together.

B: Nǐ xiān zǒu, wǒ yíhuìr zài qù.

B：你先走，我一会儿再去。

B: Go ahead first, I will go a little later.

补充例句

Additional Examples

Nǐmen xiān zhǔnbèi ba, wǒ mǎshàng lái.

你们先准备吧，我马上来。

Get ready first, I will be right there.

Wǒ xiān qù shàngbān le, wǎnshang jiàn.

我先去上班了，晚上见。

I’m going to work now, see you tonight.

Wǒ xiān gàosu nǐ, nǐ bú yào gàosu biérén.

我先告诉你，你不要告诉别人。

I’ll tell you first, but don’t tell anyone else.

Nín xiān xiūxi ba, wǒmen míngtiān zài lái.

您先休息吧，我们明天再来。

Please rest first, we will come back tomorrow.

Wǒmen xiān bié chūqu, zài děng yíhuìr.

我们先别出去，再等一会儿。

Let’s not go out yet, let’s wait a little longer.

Nǐ xiān zuò huìr, wǒ mǎshàng huílai.

你先坐会儿，我马上回来。

Sit for a while first, I’ll be right back.

结构特点

Structural Features

“Xiān” yòng zài zhǔyǔ hòu, dòngcíxìng chéngfèn qián, zuò zhuàngyǔ.

“先”用在主语后、动词性成分前，作状语。

“先” is used after the subject and before the verbal component, functioning as an adverbial.

S + xiān + VP

S + 先 + VP

S + first + VP

Wǒ xiān shuō ba.

我先说吧。

Let me speak first.

Nǐ xiān zuò huìr.

你先坐会儿。

Sit for a while first.

小提示

Tips

Yǒu “xiān” de jùzi, yìbān hòumian huì jiē qítā nèiróng, biǎoshì hòu fāshēng de shìqing. Lìrú:

有“先”的句子，一般后面会接其他内容，表示后发生的事情。例如：

Sentences containing “先” are generally followed by additional content indicating what happens afterward. For example:

* Nǐmen chī xiān.

* 你们吃先。

* You eat first. (Incorrect word order in Chinese.)

Nǐmen xiān chī.

你们先吃。

You eat first.

Nǐmen xiān chī, wǒ wǎn diǎnr dào jiā.

你们先吃，我晚点儿到家。

You eat first, I will get home a little later.

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