能愿动词（4）：要
HSK 1基本语义及用法
表示想做某事或想得到某物的希望或打算，语气比“想”强烈。
It indicates the subject’s hope or plan to do or get something. Its tone is more affi rmative than 想.
典型例句和对话
| 例句 | ① 他要去书店。 | ② 他要学唱歌。 | ③ 您要买手机吗？ |
| 交 际 实 践 |
（在学校门口） At the school gate A：他要去哪儿？ Tā yào qù nǎr? Where is he going? ¿A dónde va él? B：他要去书店。 Tā yào qù shūdiàn. He wants to go to the bookstore. Él quiere ir a la librería. |
（在下课路上） On the way after class 老师：王小明要学什么？ Lǎoshī: Wáng Xiǎomíng yào xué shénme? Teacher: What does Wang Xiaoming want to learn? Maestro: ¿Qué quiere aprender Wang Xiaoming? 同学：他要学唱歌。 Tóngxué: Tā yào xué chànggē. Classmate: He wants to learn to sing. Compañero: Él quiere aprender a cantar. |
（在商场） In the shopping mall 店员：您好！您要买手机吗？ Diànyuán: Nín hǎo! Nín yào mǎi shǒujī ma? Shop assistant: Hello! Do you want to buy a phone? Vendedor: ¡Hola! ¿Quiere comprar un teléfono? 顾客：是的，我想看一下儿这个手机。 Gùkè: Shì de, wǒ xiǎng kàn yíxiàr zhège shǒujī. Customer: Yes, I’d like to take a look at this phone. Cliente: Sí, me gustaría ver este teléfono. |
补充例句Additional example sentences
① 我们要认真学习。
Wǒmen yào rènzhēn xuéxí.
We need to study seriously.
Debemos estudiar seriamente.
② 她要去上海。
Tā yào qù Shànghǎi.
She wants to go to Shanghai.
Ella quiere ir a Shanghái.
③ 我要去看电影。
Wǒ yào qù kàn diànyǐng.
I want to go see a movie.
Quiero ir a ver una película.
④ 他要学中文。
Tā yào xué zhōngwén.
He wants to learn Chinese.
Él quiere aprender chino.
⑤ 小姐，您要喝茶吗？
Xiǎojiě, nín yào hē chá ma?
Miss, would you like to drink tea?
Señorita, ¿quiere tomar té?
⑥ 你要不要休息一下儿？
Nǐ yào bú yào xiūxi yíxiàr?
Do you want to take a short rest?
¿Quieres descansar un momento?
结构特点
能愿动词“要”用在动词性成分的前边。
①肯定形式：
S + 要 + VP
他 要 去书店。
②正反疑问形式：
S + 要不要 + VP ？
你 要不要 休息一下儿？
小提示
能愿动词“要”的否定形式一般用“不想”。例如：
我下午要在家休息，不想出去。
Related Grammar
“我们、你们、他们、她们”都是复数人称代词。“我们”指称说话者一方群体；“你们”指称听话者一方群体；“他们、她们”指称除说话者和听话者以外的其他人，这些人都是男性或有男有女时用“他们”，都是女性时用“她们”。
“我、你、您、他、她”都是单数人称代词。“我”指称说话者本人；“你、您”指称听话者，“您”是“你”的尊称，“他、她”指称除说话者和听话者以外的其他人，“他〞指称男性，“她〞指称女性。They are all singular personal pronouns. 我 means "I/me", 你 and 您 mean "you", the latter being the honorific form; 他 means "he/him" and 她 means "she/her".
用在疑问向中，用来询问地点和处所。“哪儿”更常用于口语。They are used to ask about places and locations. 哪儿 is more often used in spoken Chinese.
用在疑问句中，后面加上形容词，询问程度或数量，例如年龄、时间、高度、长 度、距离等。It is used in interrogative sentences, followed by an adjective, to ask about the degree or quantity such as age, time, height, length, distance, etc.
表示希望、打算做某事的意愿，语气比“要”委婉。It indicates the subject’s hope or plan to do something. Its tone is milder than 要.
合成方位名词，表示处于上、下、里、外、前、后、左、右、东、南、西、北的 位置或方向。These are compound nouns of locality, indicating a position or direction that points upward / downward / inward /outward / forward / backward / leftward / rightward / eastward / southward / westward / northward.
用在疑问向中，用来对事物进行提问。It is used in interrogative sentences to ask about something.
用在疑问句中，询问数量，例如人数、价格 年龄等。或者不清楚到底有多少的数量It is used in interrogative sentences to ask about the quantity, such as the number of people price, age, etc. The number is normally larger than 10 or totally unknown.
单纯方位名词，表示带有参照点的方向或相对位置。These are simple nouns of locality, indicating a direction or position relative to a reference point.
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